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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
The blessed Paul wishes to show in the next place that this covenant is far better than the old. This then he does by first laying down remote considerations. For inasmuch as there was nothing bodily or that made a show, no temple for instance, nor Holy of Holies, nor Priest with so great apparel, no legal observances, but all things higher and more perfect, and there was nothing of bodily things, but all was in things spiritual, and things spiritual did not attract the weak, as things bodily; he thoroughly sifts this whole matter. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
Now Paul wants to show that the New Testament is far better than the Old. And first of all he begins to compare the priesthood of the Old Testament priests with the priesthood of Christ and shows the great superiority of the latter. Meanwhile, since he encountered an obstacle in the fact that much of what should belong to priests did not belong to Christ — for He did not come from a priestly tribe, was not a priest on earth, was not appointed by men, and, simply put, the form of His priesthood had no bodily expression, such as bells …
Ignatius of Antioch
"Honour widows that are widows indeed." Be the friend of orphans; for God is "the Father of the fatherless, and the Judge of the widows." Do nothing without the bishops; for they are priests, and thou a servant of the priests. They baptize, offer sacrifice, ordain, and lay on hands; but thou ministerest to them, as the holy Stephen did at Jerusalem to James and the presbyters. Do not neglect the sacred meetings [of the saints]; inquire after every one by name. …
Western Saints
Thomas Aquinas
239. – As we have said at the beginning of this epistle, the Apostle's intention is to show that Christ is more excellent than all those from whom the Law derives authority, namely, the angels, by whose ministry it was given: 'Being ordained by angels in the hand of a mediator' (Gal. 3:19), and Moses, who was the law-giver: 'The law was given by Moses' (Jn. 1:17) and the priesthood and high priesthood of Aaron, by whom the Law was administered. …
Bonaventure
The clerical order is both active and contemplative, which must both feed and contemplate so that its members be intermediates between God and the people. For "every high priest taken from among men is appointed for men in the things pertaining to God, that he may offer gifts and sacrifices for sins." And among these, there are three orders, the ministerial, the sacerdotal, and the pontifical. …
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