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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
"For it became Him, for whom are all things, and by whom are all things, in bringing many sons unto glory, to make the Captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings." He speaks here of the Father. Seest thou how again he applies the expression "by whom" to Him? Which he would not have done, had it been an expression of inferiority, and only applicable to the Son. …
Athanasius of Alexandria
If all things that were made by the will of God were made by Him, how can He be Himself one of the things that were made? And when the Apostle says, `For whom are all things, and by whom are all things,' how can these men say, that we were not made for Him, but He for us? If it be so, He ought to have said, `For whom the Word was made;' but He saith not so, but, `For whom are all things, and by whom are all things,' thus proving these men to be heretical and false.
Theophylact of Ohrid
"For Whom are all things" — that is, to the Father, from Him are all things, that is, He is the cause of all things. "And through Whom all things exist" — look, the expression "from Whom" is applied to the Father. If it were degrading and befitting only the Son, it would not be applied to the Father. Understand, then, what the expression "from Whom" means. …
Western Saints
Thomas Aquinas
127. – Then (v. 10) he shows the suitability from its usefulness. For God the Father is the cause of Christ's death, since He is the One by whom all things exist as by an efficient cause, and for whom all things exist, as for a final cause. All things are for Him, because they are for communicating His goodness: and this was the cause inducing Him to produce things, and thus all things are finally for God: 'The Lord has made all things for himself' (Pr. 16:4). …
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