John Chrysostom

Next he adds testimony, saying, "It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the Living God." "For" it is written: "Vengeance belongeth unto Me, I will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shall judge His people." "Let us fall," it is said, "into the hands of the Lord, and not into the hands of men." (Ecclus. ii. …

Homily on Hebrews 20 ↗

Theophylact of Ohrid

He said this in connection, to show that the Lord took upon Himself the "vengeance" against sinners. For He said this through the prophet. He also comforts those who fell into faintheartedness on account of the trials from the Jews who were oppressing them. He was saying, as it were: do not lose heart, you have an Avenger and Recompenser, Who lives forever, Whom those who insult you will in no way escape. …

Commentary on Hebrews ↗

Oecumenius

"For we know Him who said." And that these things are true, God himself testifies who says: "Vengeance is mine." This is with me, to take vengeance: "I will repay, says the Lord." But by saying this, he comforts them about the evils they have suffered from their own fellow citizens. As if he were saying: He said this gently, and he comforts them regarding the evils they suffered from their own fellow citizens, as if he were saying: "Why are you anxious? You have the one who avenges and gives back justice to those who serve you."

The Pseudo-Oecumenian Catena on Hebrews ↗

Thomas Aquinas

532. – Then (v. 30) he cites authorities to prove what he has said. In regard to this he does two things: first, he cites the authorities; secondly, he concludes from them (v. 31). 533. – Therefore, he says: We know him who has said: vengeance is mine (Dt. 32:35), where another version has 'Reserve vengeance for me'. But will He repay? Indeed, I will repay. But on the other hand: if vengeance is reserved to God alone, why do judges take vengeance? …

Commentary on Hebrews ↗