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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
If then under the Old Covenant, when the law of Moses is set at nought, there is so great punishment, "Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God and hath counted the blood of the covenant an unholy [a common] thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?" And how does a man "tread under foot the Son of God"? When partaking of Him in the mysteries (he would say) he has wrought sin, has he not trodden Him under foot? Has he not despised Him? …
Theophylact of Ohrid
He submits the matter to their own judgment, which is what we usually do regarding what is firmly acknowledged by all, turning the listeners into judges. What does "tramples" mean? That is, despises. Just as we count despised people as nothing, so too, counting Christ as nothing, we thus come to the point of sinning. "And does not regard as holy the Blood of the covenant," that is, considers it no better than everything else. …
Ignatius of Antioch
He who honours the bishop shall be honoured by God, even as he that dishonours him shall be punished by God. For if he that rises up against kings is justly held worthy of punishment, inasmuch as he dissolves public order, of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who presumes to do anything without the bishop, thus both destroying the [Church's] unity, and throwing its order into confusion? …
Western Saints
Thomas Aquinas
524. – Then (v. 29) he describes something which refers to the New Testament: first, he states the punishment; secondly, the crime (v. 29b). 525. – In regard to the punishment he says, how much worse punishment do you think he deserves? For since the New Testament was preached by Christ, a person who sins under it is punished more severely: 'But I say to you, it shall be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon in the day of judgment, than for you' (Mt. 11:22). 526. – But is a Christian who sins punished more than an unbeliever? …
Bonaventure
When someone is worthy of eternal life, through sin he makes himself worthy of eternal death. Such a one must be greatly punished. Whence the Apostle to the Hebrews: "He who makes void the Law of Moses dies without any mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses. …
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