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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
"For the Sadducees indeed," etc. The Sadducees have no knowledge of anything incorporeal, perhaps not even God; so gross are they: whence neither do they choose to believe that there is a Resurrection.
Theophylact of Ohrid
The Sadducees, being senseless, perhaps did not even know God, and therefore do not believe that there will be a resurrection. "The Pharisees acknowledge both." However, the Sadducees do not acknowledge three things (the resurrection, the existence of an Angel, and the existence of a Spirit). How then does the writer say "both"? But Spirit and Angel are one and the same; moreover, "both" is also said of three things. …
Oecumenius
The Sadducees, being arrogant, perhaps do not even know God. Therefore, they do not wish to believe in a resurrection. But the Pharisees confess both. And indeed there are three. How then does he say, "both"? Either because he calls spirit and angel one, or because the word does not speak only of two, which is what "both" chiefly signifies, but also of three. Therefore one ought not from the outside to judge the writings of plain and unschooled fishermen with the exacting judgments of a scholar. [CHRYSOSTOM]
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