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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
Then, having finished the citation from the Prophet, he adds; "Men and brethren." When he is about to say anything great, he uses this opening address, to rouse and to conciliate them. "Let me be allowed," he says, "to speak freely to you of the patriarch David." Remarkable lowliness, in a case where he was giving no hurt, nor was there any reason why the hearers should be angry. For he did not say, This is not said concerning David, but concerning the Christ. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
Having set forth the testimony of David, he adds "men and brethren." When he intends to say something great, he preliminarily employs this expression to encourage and conciliate them. But where there was nothing that could be harmful, he speaks with great moderation. If he had simply said: "This was said by David," he would have appeared harsh and would have aroused their anger rather than made them obedient. …
Oecumenius
Fulfilling the prophecy, Peter begins again with a different preface. "Men," he says, "brothers." For whenever one is about to say something of great importance, he employs a familiar preface, calling them brothers. As Stephen also: "Brothers and Fathers, listen." (Acts 7:2) Then he says, "I may speak freely to you concerning the patriarch David." There is no harm there; he uses considerable moderation. …
Western Saints
Augustine of Hippo
I know it seems to some that the death of the Lord brought to certain just souls the same resurrection that is promised to us at the end of time, since it is written that by the earthquake that occurred at his passion the rocks were rent and the graves opened and many bodies of the saints arose and were seen with him in the holy city after his resurrection. …
Cassiodorus
"Ye men, brethren, let me freely speak to you of the patriarch David," etc. And since the apostle Peter had mentioned David, who was regarded by the Jews as a venerable prophet, Peter, taking from David an opportunity for his preaching, showed that David had nonetheless died, and said that his sepulcher was with them while David himself had prophesied that the Lord Christ's flesh would never be subject to corruption. For God raised him again from the dead, and he received the Father's promises in the fullest truth. …
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