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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
Nothing of ourselves. For remission of sins and adoption and unspeakable glory are given to us by Him. For he exhorts them no longer from the things to come only, but even from those now present. For consider. He said, that we shall be raised again, and go on unto incorruption, and have an eternal house; but since present things have more force to persuade than things to come, with those who believe not in these as they ought to believe, he shows how great things they have even already received, and being themselves what. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
All of this has been given to us by God, Who reconciled us to Himself through the mediation of His Son. For we did not run to Him ourselves, but He called us through the death of His Son. O the depth of His love for mankind! For the Father, who sent the Son, when He saw Him slain by those who were in need of reconciliation, not only did not reject mankind, but gave, he says, to us, the apostles, "the ministry of reconciliation," so that, going about everywhere, we might be ambassadors to those who had fallen away from God and bring …
Western Saints
Hilary of Poitiers
For through Himself He creates the things which are created in Him, just as through Himself all things are reconciled in Him. Inasmuch as they are reconciled in Him, recognise in Him the nature of the Father's unity, reconciling all things to Himself in Him. Inasmuch as all things are reconciled through Him, perceive Him reconciling to the Father in Himself all things which He reconciled through Himself. …
Thomas Aquinas
After discussing the saints' reward and how they prepared themselves to receive it, the Apostle now treats of the cause of both and does three things. First, he shows that the Author of all these things is God; secondly, he recalls the benefit conferred by Christ (v. 18b); thirdly, the use of the benefit (v. 20). …
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